It has been shown that anxiety can negatively affect students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) (Dörnyei, 2005; Gregersen & MacIntyre, 2014; MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément, & Noels, 1998), particularly when students experience pronunciation anxiety (Baran-Łucarz, 2014).
— ❐ Activate space rats! Fluency development in a mobile game-assisted environment